Mortgage and consumer credit markets

A For Rent sign in the foreground and an apartment building in the background.

Institutional Investors, Rents, and Neighborhood Change in the Single Family Residential Market

WP 24-13 – Institutional investors that buy and rent out single family homes have continued to increase their presence after the Great Recession.

Featured Work

Paying Too Much? Borrower Sophistication and Overpayment in the U.S. Mortgage Market

WP 24-11 – Comparing mortgage rates that borrowers obtain to rates that lenders could offer for the same loan, the authors find that many homeowners significantly overpay for their mortgage, with overpayment varying across borrower types and with market interest rates.

When Mortgage Lock-In Locks Out Homebuyers

Economic Insights — Historically, housing sales decline when interest rates go up, but sales have dropped more than expected since the current cycle of interest rate hikes began in early 2022. Mortgage lock-in may explain why.

How Much Does Racial Bias Affect Mortgage Lending? Evidence from Human and Algorithmic Credit Decisions

WP 24-09 – We assess racial discrimination in mortgage approvals using confidential data on mortgage applications.

Featured Data

Generic graph with dots

Advancing Fairness in Lending Through Machine Learning

Showcasing the work of Philadelphia Fed researchers, this interactive data visualization explores an approach to credit lending using machine learning and fairness goals that may help address current disparities in credit access.

Updated: 05 Feb ’24

All Work

Center for the REstoration of Economic Data: The Past Is Indeed Prologue

From Rasters to Rows: New Methods and Applications in Automated Data Extraction Conference | Philadelphia, PA

Institutional Investors, Rents, and Neighborhood Change in the Single Family Residential Market

WP 24-13 – Institutional investors that buy and rent out single family homes have continued to increase their presence after the Great Recession.

LIFE Survey Report – April 2024

This report is part of a quarterly series that summarizes key observations from the LIFE Survey. In each report, we share data relating to employment status and concerns about working, income expectations, recent financial health and stability, and concerns about the future and personal outlook.

Paying Too Much? Borrower Sophistication and Overpayment in the U.S. Mortgage Market

WP 24-11 – Comparing mortgage rates that borrowers obtain to rates that lenders could offer for the same loan, the authors find that many homeowners significantly overpay for their mortgage, with overpayment varying across borrower types and with market interest rates.

When Mortgage Lock-In Locks Out Homebuyers

Economic Insights — Historically, housing sales decline when interest rates go up, but sales have dropped more than expected since the current cycle of interest rate hikes began in early 2022. Mortgage lock-in may explain why.

Q&A: Tom Akana on the LIFE Survey and the Importance of Consumer Insights

The new LIFE Survey from the Consumer Finance Institute provides timely insights into how consumers’ financial lives are changing in response to the current economy. Learn more in this Q&A with CFI Senior Advisor and Research Fellow Tom Akana.

CFI in Focus: Large Bank Credit Card and Mortgage Data: A Tale of Two Portfolios

CFI in Focus – In July 2022, the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia began publishing a new quarterly series of large bank credit card and mortgage data, also known as Public Y-14 data. The data come from regulatory reporting that the largest banks in the country are required to submit, based on asset and portfolio thresholds.

How Much Does Racial Bias Affect Mortgage Lending? Evidence from Human and Algorithmic Credit Decisions

WP 24-09 – We assess racial discrimination in mortgage approvals using confidential data on mortgage applications.

LIFE Survey Report – January 2024

This report is the first in a quarterly series on key observations from the Labor, Income, Finances, and Expectations (LIFE) Survey. Data from the survey provide insight into consumers’ recent financial lives and their future expectations.

Banking and Financial Markets

Is Loan Volume Becoming Concentrated Among Too Few Online Mortgage Providers?

December 05, 2023

Research in Focus — By studying a period of substantial regulatory change and technological innovation, three researchers identify shifts in market concentration within the U.S. mortgage market.

California Wildfires, Property Damage, and Mortgage Repayment

Revised: November 2023

WP 23-05/R – This paper examines wildfires’ impact on mortgage repayment using novel data that combines property-level damages and mortgage performance data.

CFI in Focus: A Guide to the Philadelphia Fed’s Multifaceted Contributions to Housing and Mortgage Research and Policy

November 09, 2023

The Philadelphia Fed has one of the largest concentrations of housing and mortgage experts in the Federal Reserve System. This CFI in Focus article describes how we engage in housing- and mortgage-related topics in monetary policy, bank supervision, public outreach and convenings, and in producing research and data resources.